航空術(shù)語詞典 Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 上

時間：2011-03-11 23:11來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：admin 點(diǎn)擊：次

aerodrome. A defined area on land or water intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft. The term also includes any buildings, installations, and equipment in this area.
aerodrome beacon (ICAO). An aeronautical beacon used to aid in locating an aerodrome from the air.
aerodrome control service (ICAO). Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
aerodrome control tower (ICAO). A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic.
aerodrome elevation (ICAO). The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
aerodrome traffic circuit (ICAO). The specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
aerodynamic balance (aircraft flight control component). The portion of a control surface on an airplane extending ahead of the hinge line. Air striking this portion of the control surface produces an aerodynamic force that aids the movement of the control.
aerodynamic blockage thrust reverser. A form of thrust reverser used on turbojet or turbofan engines. Thin airfoils or obstructions are placed in the engine’s exhaust stream to duct the high-velocity exhaust gases forward. These forward-flowing gases create a large amount of aerodynamic drag to decrease the landing roll of the airplane.
aerodynamic braking. The use of reverse thrust from a propeller or a gas turbine engine to produce a great deal of aerodynamic drag.
This drag is used to slow the aircraft on its landing roll, before the brakes are applied, or to allow the aircraft to descend at a steep angle without building up excessive airspeed.
aerodynamic center. The point along the chord of an airfoil where all changes in lift effectively take place. The aerodynamic center is not affected by the camber, the thickness of the airfoil, nor the angle of attack.
For a subsonic airfoil, the aerodynamic center is located between 23% and 27% of the chord length back from the leading edge, and for a supersonic airfoil it is located 50% of the chord length back from the leading edge.
aerodynamic coefficients. 14 CFR Part 1: “Nondimensional coefficients for aerodynamic forces and moments.”
aerodynamic drag. The total resistance to the movement of an object through the air. Aerodynamic drag is composed of both induced and parasite drag.
See induced drag and parasite drag.
aerodynamic forces. The basic forces acting on an aircraft in flight that are caused by the movement of air over the surfaces.
Thrust acts forward, drag acts rearward, and lift acts vertically upward. The weight of the aircraft produces a force that acts vertically downward. A downward-acting aerodynamic force produced by the horizontal tail surfaces balances the weight force about the center of gravity to provide longitudinal stability.

aerodynamic heating. The temperature rise caused by the friction of high-speed air flowing over a surface.

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