時間：2011-04-18 00:47來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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b.When operating within a Class B, Class C, and Class D surface area, a pilot intending to make a low approach should contact the tower for approval. This request should be made prior to starting the final approach. c.When operating to an airport, not within a Class B, Class C, and Class D surface area, a pilot intending to make a low approach should, prior to leaving the final approach fix inbound (nonprecision AIM approach) or the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker inbound (precision approach), so advise the FSS, UNICOM, or make a broadcast as appropriate. REFERENCE. AIM, Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports Without Operating Control Towers, Paragraph 4.1.9. 4.3.13. Traffic Control Light Signals a.The following procedures are used by ATCTs in the control of aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel not equipped with radio. These same procedures will be used to control aircraft, ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel equipped with radio if radio contact cannot be established. ATC personnel use a directive traffic control signal which emits an intense narrow light beam of a selected color (either red, white, or green) when controlling traffic by light signals. b.Although the traffic signal light offers the advantage that some control may be exercised over nonradio equipped aircraft, pilots should be cogni-zant of the disadvantages which are: 1.Pilots may not be looking at the control tower at the time a signal is directed toward their aircraft. 2.The directions transmitted by a light signal are very limited since only approval or disapproval of a pilot’s anticipated actions may be transmitted. No supplement or explanatory information may be transmitted except by the use of the “General Warning Signal” which advises the pilot to be on the alert. c.Between sunset and sunrise, a pilot wishing to attract the attention of the control tower should turn on a landing light and taxi the aircraft into a position, clear of the active runway, so that light is visible to the tower. The landing light should remain on until appropriate signals are received from the tower. d.Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals. (See TBL 4.3.1.)e. During daylight hours, acknowledge tower transmissions or light signals by moving the ailerons or rudder. At night, acknowledge by blinking the landing or navigation lights. If radio malfunction occurs after departing the parking area, watch the tower for light signals or monitor tower frequency. Airport Operations 4.3.11 TBL 4.3.1 Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals Meaning Color and Type of Signal Movement of Vehicles, Equipment and Personnel Aircraft on the Ground Aircraft in Flight Steady green Cleared to cross, proceed or go Cleared for takeoff Cleared to land Flashing green Not applicable Cleared for taxi Return for landing (to be followed by steady green at the proper time) Steady red STOP STOP Give way to other aircraft and continue circling Flashing red Clear the taxiway/runway Taxi clear of the runway in use Airport unsafe, do not land Flashing white Return to starting point on airport Return to starting point on airport Not applicable Alternating red and green Exercise extreme caution Exercise extreme caution Exercise extreme caution 4.3.14. Communications a. Pilots of departing aircraft should communicate with the control tower on the appropriate ground control/clearance delivery frequency prior to starting engines to receive engine start time, taxi and/or clearance information. Unless otherwise advised by the tower, remain on that frequency during taxiing and runup, then change to local control frequency when ready to request takeoff clearance. NOTE. Pilots are encouraged to monitor the local tower frequency as soon as practical consistent with other ATC requirements. REFERENCE. AIM, Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS), Paragraph 4.1.13. b.The tower controller will consider that pilots of turbine.powered aircraft are ready for takeoff when they reach the runway or warm.up block unless advised otherwise. c.The majority of ground control frequencies are in the 121.6.121.9 MHz bandwidth. Ground control frequencies are provided to eliminate frequency congestion on the tower (local control) frequency and are limited to communications between the tower and aircraft on the ground and between the tower and utility vehicles on the airport, provide a clear VHF channel for arriving and departing aircraft. They are used for issuance of taxi information, clearances, and other necessary contacts between the tower and aircraft or other vehicles operated on the airport. A pilot who has just landed should not change from the tower frequency to the ground control frequency until directed to do so by the controller. Normally, only one ground control frequency is assigned at an airport; however, at locations where the amount of traffic so warrants, a second ground control frequency and/or another frequency designated as a clearance delivery frequency, may be assigned. d.A controller may omit the ground or local control frequency if the controller believes the pilot knows which frequency is in use. If the ground control frequency is in the 121 MHz bandwidth the controller may omit the numbers preceding the decimal point; e.g., 121.7, “CONTACT GROUND POINT SEVEN.” However, if any doubt exists as to what frequency is in use, the pilot should promptly request the controller to provide that information. e.Controllers will normally avoid issuing a radio frequency change to helicopters, known to be single-piloted, which are hovering, air taxiing, or flying near the ground. At times, it may be necessary for pilots to alert ATC regarding single pilot operations to minimize delay of essential ATC communications. Whenever possible, ATC instruc-tions will be relayed through the frequency being monitored until a frequency change can be accomplished. You must promptly advise ATC if you are unable to comply with a frequency change. Also, you should advise ATC if you must land to accomplish the frequency change unless it is clear the landing will have no impact on other air traffic; e.g., on a taxiway or in a helicopter operating area. |
