旋翼機飛行手冊 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

時間：2011-04-05 11:32來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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At position 2, adjust attitude with cyclic control to obtain the manufacturer’s recommended autorotation or best gliding speed. Adjust collective pitch control, as necessary, to maintain rotor r.p.m. in the green arc. Aft cyclic movements cause an increase in rotor r.p.m., which is then controlled by a small increase in collective pitch control. Avoid a large collective pitch increase, which results in a rapid decay of rotor r.p.m.,

and leads to “chasing the r.p.m.” Avoid looking straight down in front of the aircraft. Continually cross-check attitude, trim, rotor r.p.m., and airspeed.
At approximately 40 to 100 feet above the surface, or at the altitude recommended by the manufacturer (position 3), begin the flare with aft cyclic control to reduce forward airspeed and decrease the rate of descent. Maintain heading with the antitorque pedals. Care must be taken in the execution of the flare so that the cyclic control is not moved rearward so abruptly as to cause the helicopter to climb, nor should it be moved so slowly as to not arrest the descent, which may allow the helicopter to settle so rapidly that the tail rotor strikes the ground. When forward motion decreases to the desired groundspeed, which is usually the slowest possible speed (position 4), move the cyclic control forward to place the helicopter in the proper attitude for landing.
The altitude at this time should be approximately 8 to 15 feet AGL, depending on the altitude recommended by the manufacturer. Extreme caution should be used to avoid an excessive nose high and tail low attitude below 10 feet. At this point, if a full touchdown landing is to be made, allow the helicopter to descend vertically (position 5). Increase collective pitch, as necessary, to check the descent and cushion the landing. Additional antitorque pedal is required to maintain heading as collective pitch is raised due to the reduction in rotor
r.p.m. and the resulting reduced effect of the tail rotor. Touch down in a level flight attitude.
A power recovery can be made during training in lieu of a full touchdown landing. Refer to the section on power recoveries for the correct technique.

After touchdown and after the helicopter has come to a complete stop, lower the collective pitch to the full-down position. Do not try to stop the forward ground run with aft cyclic, as the main rotor blades can strike the tail boom. Rather, by lowering the collective slightly during the ground run, more weight is placed on the undercarriage, slowing the helicopter.

COMMON ERRORS
1 Failing to use sufficient antitorque pedal when power is reduced.
2 Lowering the nose too abruptly when power is reduced, thus placing the helicopter in a dive.
3 Failing to maintain proper rotor r.p.m. during the descent.
4 Application of up-collective pitch at an excessive altitude resulting in a hard landing, loss of heading control, and possible damage to the tail rotor and to the main rotor blade stops.

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