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直升機(jī)飛行手冊 Helicopter Flying Handbook

時間：2014-11-09 12:30來源：FAA 作者：直升機(jī)翻譯 點(diǎn)擊：次

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Ramp Attendants and Aircraft Servicing Personnel
These personnel should be instructed as to their specific duties and the proper method of fulfilling them. In addition, the ramp attendant should be taught to:
1. Keep passengers and unauthorized persons out of the helicopter landing and takeoff area.
2. Brief passengers on the best way to approach and board a helicopter with its rotors turning.
Persons directly involved with boarding or deplaning passengers, aircraft servicing, rigging, or hooking up external loads, etc., should be instructed as to their duties. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to cover each and every type of operation related to helicopters. A few of the more obvious and common ones are covered below.
Passengers
All persons boarding a helicopter while its rotors are turning should be taught the safest means of doing so. The pilot in command (PIC) should always brief the passengers prior to engine start to ensure complete understanding of all procedures. The exact procedures may vary slightly from one helicopter model to another, but the following should suffice as a generic guide.
When boarding—
1. Stay away from the rear of the helicopter.
2. Approach or leave the helicopter in a crouching manner.
3. Approach from the side but never out of the pilot’s line of vision. Many helicopters have dipping front blades due to landing gear configuration. For that reason, it is uniformly accepted for personnel to approach from the sides of the helicopter. Personnel should always be cautioned about approaching from the rear due to the tail rotor hazard, even for helicopters such as the BO-105 and BK-117.
4. Carry tools horizontally, below waist level—never upright or over the shoulder.
5. Hold firmly onto hats and loose articles.
6. Never reach up or dart after a hat or other object that might be blown off or away.
7. Protect eyes by shielding them with a hand or by squinting.
8. If suddenly blinded by dust or a blowing object, stop and crouch lower; better yet, sit down and wait for help.
SAFETY.AROUND.HELICOPTERS Approaching.or.Leaving.a.Helicopter
Do.not.approach.or.leave.without.the.pilot’s.visual acknowledgmentKeep.in.pilot’s.field.of.vision.at.all.times. Observe.helicopter.safety.zones.(see.diagram.at.right).
On.sloping.ground,.always.approach.or.leave.on.the.downslope.side.for.maximum.rotor.clearance.
If.blinded.by.swirling.dust.or.grit,.STOP—crouch.lower, or.sit.down.and.await.assistance.
If.disembarking.while.helicopter.is.at.the.hover,.get.out.and.off.in.a.smooth.unhurried.manner.
Do.not.approach.or.leave.a.helicopter.when.the.engine.and rotors.are.running.down.or.starting.up.
PROHIBITED
PROHIBITED
ACCEPTABLE
ACCEPTABLE PREFERRED
Proceed.in.a.crouching.manner.for.extra.rotor.clearance. Hold.onto.hat.unless.chin.straps.are.usedNEVER.reach.up.or.chase.after.a.hat.or.other.articles.that.blow.away
Carry.tools,.etc.,.horizontally.below.waist.level—never.upright or.on.the.shoulder.
Figure 8-3.Safety procedures for approaching or leaving a helicopter.
9.
Never grope or feel your way toward or away from Since few helicopters carry cabin attendants, the pilot must
the helicopter. conduct the pretakeoff and prelanding briefings, usually before takeoff due to noise and cockpit layout. The type
10.
Protect hearing by wearing earplugs or earmuffs.
of operation dictates what sort of briefing is necessary. All briefings should include the following:
1. The use and operation of seatbelts for takeoff, en route, and landing.
2. For over water flights, the location and use of flotation gear and other survival equipment that might be on board. Also include how and when to abandon the helicopter should ditching become necessary.
3. For flights over rough or isolated terrain, all occupants should be told where maps and survival gear are located.

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